CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT IN ISLAM

Link : http://www.muslimsocieties.org/Vol6_2/Concept_of_Management_in_Islam.pdf

Henry Fayol was a managing director of a large coal mining farm. He is famous for his
writing of 14 Principles of Management. He largely emphasized that the concept of management
is a vital one and which is an important activity to all human beings involved in business,
government and even at the household activities. His endeavour led him to develop 14 Principles.
Is now been noted that many of his views have a very close linkages with the teachings of Islam.
If we examine and compare his principles with the Quranic verses we will find that most
of the principles of management are also noted in the Islamic Text viz Holy Quran. It indicates
that Islam has conveyed the contemporary Principles of Management before 1400 years ago to
the entire mankind even when there was no existence of the subject called MANAGEMENT.
Therefore, in the context of thoughts and theories in management studies, the Islamic views need
to be studied and examined to strengthen the subject of Contemporary Management Studies.
The present paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between Islamic notions of
work and management and there relevance in the context of management studies. A special
emphasis shall be given in this paper to present an alternative discourse in management studies
in the post-modern era which advocates for diversities in thoughts, behaviours and practices
against the hegemonic and dominant discourse of western thoughts and ideologies in
management studies.
The paper is based on facts gathered through review of textual sources. Some verses of
Holy Quran (English Version) have been taken into consideration to prepare this paper. The
author is concluded with the fact that more researches are needed to evolve the alternative
paradigm in management studies and to which Islamic Verses have also a very crucial role to play.

Henry Fayol was a managing director of a large coal mining farm. He became famous for
his writing 14 Principles of Management. He emphasized on the concept that management was an
activity common to all human beings in business, government and even at the home which led
him to develop 14 Principles of Management.
But do the well versed readers know that some of these principles are the actual result and
outcome from the teachings of the Islam. If we all compare these principles with Ayats and
Hadith we will find most of the principles there. Therefore it means that Islam has already
conveyed these modern day Principles of Management 1400 years ago to the entire mankind even
when there was no existence of a subject named MANAGEMENT.
Now let me discuss some of such Principles in relevance to the Koran and Hadith:

1. Division of Work
The above principle signifies the concept that specialization increases the output and productivity
which in turn helps in making the employees more efficient and fruitful.
The Koran says:
“No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through
her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the
father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and
consultation, there is no blame upon either of them.” Surah Al Baqarah 2:233
This beautiful quote from the Holy Scripture can be explained as the fact that physical,
emotional and intellectual capacity of an individual is limited and every person has its own
talents and potentials. Therefore, it is important not to burden someone with extra task that is
beyond his/her ability.

2. Decentralization
It may be defined as the process through which subordinates are equally involved in the
decision making along with the top level management regarding any issue. This concept of
decentralization has also been already depicted in the Koran 1400 years ago.
It is mentioned in Surah Aal-e-Imran in ayat 159:

“So by mercy from Allah, [O Muhammad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been
rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So pardon them
and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then
rely upon Allah. Indeed, Allah loves those who rely [upon Him]”
This quote from the Koran can be explained as Allah says to Prophet to be kind to your
followers and also consult with them in your affairs. This depicts the importance of consultation
in different matters and affairs. The Prophet is ordered by Allah to consult and in the same
manner the Prophet himself emphasized and motivated his followers to consult with their
subordinates in different affairs because that can lead to a right direction through multiple
alternatives.

3. Espirit De Corps
This principle highlights the concept of promoting team spirit in order to build and promote
harmony and unity within the organization. This process also encourages the subordinates and
treats them in such a way that they develop team spirit, belongingness and unity within an
organization.
As per the Koran this principle is written in the following words:
“(Telling the Prophet) if you had been stern and fierce of heart they (the companions and
followers of Prophet) would have disappeared from around you. So pardon them and ask
forgiveness for them and consult them in the conduct of affairs.” Surah Aal Imran 3:159
In simple English language the following Ayat means – Allah is saying to Prophet to treat his
companions and followers with courtesy. Therefore, if any well versed manager wants to keep his
employees motivated then he must treat them with courtesy so he can promote the Team Spirit
and Unity within an organization.

4. Unity of Direction
It emphasizes that any running organization must have a proper plan of action to guide
managers and workers for achieving their targeted goals
This principle can be found in the Koran in these words:
“If there were in the heavens and the earth, other gods beside Allah, there would have been
collision in the both” Surah Anbia, Ayat 22

Though this Ayat highlights the fact of the existence of one God but this also shows the
importance and necessity of Unity of Command and Unity of Direction. The entire functioning of
the Universe is managed and controlled by one God only and He doesn’t have any companion
equivalent to his position.

5. Equity
Allah does not take pity on one who does not have it for others” Muslim Tirimzi
This Hadith shows the importance of kindness not only with subordinates but also with
superiors. The Prophet emphasized a lot on the Kindness. If a person deals employees with
courtesy and kindness he can get maximum output from them.

Criteria for Promotion as per Islamic style of Management
The criteria for promotions were based strictly on merit, ability and talent, rather than
that of one based solely on age. Khalid Bin Walid was selected on many occasions to lead the
Muslim army based on his strategic abilities, military prowess and skills on the battle field. He
was a force to reckon with. He participated in so many battles with a dream of embracing
martyrdom, but that was not to happen by the will of God Almighty. Much of his body was
covered with scars from the battle field but death on the field was not to be his. The Prophet on
one occasion preferred a very young Muslim called Usama for leading the entire Muslim army.
Usama led the army in which there were many valiant and well known companions of the
Prophet who were older to him, but the role to lead the army was given to the young Usama.
Much later in the early Muslim era in 711 AD, a seventeen year old man Muhammad Bin
Qasim was selected by the Muslim Caliph to run the campaign against the pirates of Debal and
free the Muslim captives held there. Muhammad Bin Qasim ended up spreading message of
Islam in what is known as the present day Pakistan and people freely embraced the religion,
who were oppressed by a tyrannical caste system that had been a plague to the Hindu society of
that time

Observation :

Many sound management practices in the contemporary world owe their beginnings to 
the early Muslim managers who used the most humane and cutting edge techniques of 
management in those times and brought the light of knowledge to the human world. Even today 
the management concepts as per the Islamic way can be found in the Koran. It is about time to 
relive those times and do away with the archaic bureaucratic practices of management that the 
British have endowed to the lands they have ruled. 
“Islam is perfect but Muslims are not”- So never underestimate and evaluate a religion just 
by visualizing the behavior of its followers. To know Islam study the Quran not the Mullahs or 
Muslims
Therefore, it can also be concluded by commenting that Koran is not only for the 
followers of Islam but for the entire mankind because it shows the right path of life as well as 
managerial skills for new entrepreneurs and managers. Koran has already shown us the path 
1400 years ago but we humans are so intelligent and knowledgeable that we got to know its real 
meaning in this 21st Century